LIST OF QUR'ANIC HEIRS, THEIR SHARES, REASONS AND AUTHORITIES FOR THE SHARES

 

Qur'anic heirs are those heirs whom their due portions of inheritance are mention or they are mention as heirs in Qur'an, and what their are suppose to inherite from what was left by the deceased person ware clearly stated, however it is assume that any body reading this article already has the basic knowledge of the terms and terminologies of Mirath if not, it is advice that one should first read the terms and terminologies of Mirath before dwelling into reading into this article.

THE QUR'ANIC HEIRS

The list of the  Qur'anic heirs are as follow:

Husband (H)

Wife (W)

Mother (M)

Father (F)

Daughter (D)

Daughter of son (D.S)

Uterine brother (U.B)

Uterine sister (U.S)

Full sister (G.S)

 Half sister (C.S)

Father's father (F.F)

Mother's mother (M.M)

Each of the heirs will be discuss in details below and their due shares, the reasons for given them the shares, and the authorities that legalized that shares for them 

HUSBAND 

When are deceased person died leaving a surviving H, the Husband of a deceased is entitle to two shares as outline below:

Share = ½ or ⅛

Reason of  ½:  is when the W died leaving no surviving children

Authority of ½: Q 4:12

Reason of ¼: is when the wife died leaving surviving children

Authority of ¼: Q 4:12

WIFE

When a Husband died leaving a surviving W, the Wife of the deceased person is entitle to two shares as outline below:

Shares = ¼ or ⅛

Reason of ¼: is when the husband died leaving no surviving children

Authority of ¼: Q 4:12

Reason of ⅛: is when the husband died leaving surviving children

Authority of ⅛: Q 4:12

MOTHER

When a deceased person died leaving a surviving M, the Mother of a deceased person is entitle to three shares as outline below:

shares = ⅓ or  ¹/6 or ⅓ of R

Reason of  ⅓: is in the absent of two or more full brothers/sisters or two or more half brothers/sisters or any child (hls)

Authority of ⅓: Q 4:11

Reason of ¹/6: is in the presence of any brother or sister or any child (hls)

Authority of ¹/6: Q 4:11

Reason of ⅓ of R:  is (The case of Umariyyatain ) when the decease died living only Father, Mother and Wife

Authority of ⅓ of R: Umariyatain/ Al-gharawiyyan cases

FATHER

When a deceased person died leaving a surviving F, the Father of a deceased person is entitle to three shares as outline below:

Shares = ¹/6  or  ¹/6 +R, or R only

Reason of ¹/6: if the deceased person died leaving a Male Children (hls)

Authority of ¹/6: Q 4:11

Reason of ¹/6+R: is when the deceased person died leaving no Male Children (hls)

Authority of ¹/6+R: Q 4:11

Reason of R only: is when the deceased person died leaving no children (hls)

Authority: 

DAUGHTER

The daughter of a deceased person is entitle to three shares as outline below

Shares = ½ or ⅔ or As asabah bil-ghair

Reason of ½: is when she is the only child and in the absent of any Male Child (hls)

Authority of ½: Q 4:11

Reason of ⅔: is when they are two or more Daughters, and in the absent of any male son(hls)

Authority of ⅔: Q 4:11

Reason of inheritance as asabah bil ghair, is in the presence of any male child (hls)

Authority : Q 4:11

GRANDDAUGHTER

When a deceased person died leaving a granddaughter, she will inherent the following shares base on the following reasons and authorities

Shares = ½ or ⅔ or ¹/6 or as asabah bil-ghair or total exclusion

Reason of ½: is when she is alone, and in the absent of any child of the deceased person

Authority of ½: Q 4:11

Reason of ⅔: is when they are two or more Daughters and in the absent of any child (hls) of the deceased person

Authority of ⅔: Q 4:11

Reason of ¹/6: is when she is competing with a one direct Daughter of the deceased person

Authority of ¹/6: Hadith reported by Huzail Bin Shurabi

Reason: she will inherit as an asabah bil-ghair, in the presence of her brother, that's any grandson

Authority: Q 4:11

Reason: she will be totally excluded in the presence of 2 direct daughter or more but in the absent of any grandson

Authority:

FULL SISTER

When a deceased person died leaving a surviving Full sister, she is entitle to 5 deferent shares base on the following conditions, reasons and authorities.

Shares = ½ or ⅔ or asabah bil-ghair or asabah ma'alghair, or EX

Reason of ½: is when she is alone, and in the absent of any child, Full brother and father

Authority: Q 4:176

Reason of  ⅔: is when they are two or more, but in the absence of any child, full brother and father

Authority: Q 4:176

Reason: Asabah bil-ghair in the presence of full brother but in the absent of any child and Father

Authority: Q 4:11

Reason: Asabah ma'alghair in the presence of Daughter or granddaughter, and in the absent of direct son of the deceased person, full brother, father

Note: she will take residue after given all the Qur'anic hears their shares and if nothing is left she will get nothing

Reason: she will be totally excluded by the presence of father, Male child of the deceased person, or the presence of two or more Daugthers 

HALF SISTER

When a deceased person died leaving a surviving half sisters she is entitle to 6 categories of shares base on the following conditions, reasons and authorities.

Shares = ½ or ⅔ or ¹/6 or or asabah bil-ghair or asabah ma'alghair or total exclusion.

Reason of ½: is when she is alone, and in the absence of F, GS, GB, CB, D and S.

Authority of ½: 4:176

Reason of ⅔: is when they are two or more in the absent of F, GB, GS, CB, D and S

Authority of ⅔: Q 4:176

Reason of  ¹/6:  in the presence of 1G.S, and absent of F, GB, CB, D and S

Authority of ¹/6: Q 4:176

Reason: she will inherit as an asabah bil-ghair in the present of C.B, but in the absent of F, GB, D and S.

Authority: Q 4:11

Reason: she will inherit as asabah ma'alghair in the present of D or S.D, but in the absent F, GB, GS, CB, and S

Authorities: Hadith reported by Huzail Bin Shurabi

Reason of total EX: she will totally be excluded by the presence of F, G.B, 2GS, 2D or S.

Authority Q 4:176

UTERINES (BROTHER/SISTER)

When a deceased person died leaving surviving uterine brothers or sisters of mix, all the uterine are entitle to 3 shares base on the following conditions, reasons and authorities.

Shares = ¹/6, or ⅓ or total exclusion.

Reason of ¹/6: it will be geven to he/she  when the uterine is only one person, and in the absent of F, and any Child (D (hls) or S (hls) ).

Authority of ¹/6: Q 4:12

Reason of ⅓: it will be given to the uterines when they are two or more but in the absent of F, S or D (hls)

Authority of ⅓: Q 4:12

Note: ratio 2:1 is not applicable in the shares of uterines, even if the are twenty they will all share everything equally, read more on general principles of mirath.

Reason of EX: they will be totally excluded by the presence of F, S or D.

GRANDMOTHER

When a deceased person died leaving a surviving grandmother, she is entitle to 2 shares base on the following conditions, reasons and authorities

Shares = ¹/6 or total exclusion

Reason of ¹/6: it will be given to MM or MF, in the absent of M

Authority: Hadith by ibn Abbas, Hadith by Buraida, Hadith by Qubaisah Bin Zu'aib

Note: M can EX MM and MF, but F can EX MF only, read more on general principles of mirath

Note: in case  MF and MM are but eligible for inheritance they will all be given ¹/6 to share equally read more on general principles of mirath

Reason of EX: she will be totally excluded by the presence of M

Authority: the aforementioned Hadiths 

GRANDFATHER

When a deceased person died leaving a surviving grandfather, such will inherit in the following capacities, base on the following situations, conditions, reasons and authorities.

A) Firsts situation; the Shares of a grandfather in the absent of GB, GS, CB, CS.

B) Second situation; the presence of GB, GS, CB, CS.

Both situations will be discuss in details as section A and B.

Section A

In this section the grandfather is entitle to three shares base of the following conditions reasons and authorities

Shares = ¹/6 or ¹/6+R or, R only

Reason of ¹/6: in the absence of F (son of the GF), S (son of the decease, that's GS of the GF). 

Authority: Q 2:133, Q 7:21, Q 12:38, in all those verses FF (HHS) are regarded as F

Authority: Hadith reported by Imran Bin Hussain ( in this Hadith the Share of GF is clearly stated as ¹/6)

Reason of ¹/6+R: in the presence of S (as explained above) and the absence of F (as explained above)

Authority: same as cited in above

Reason of R only: he will inherit R only as an asabah in the absent of any child (S or D) of the decease hls. And in the absence of F

Authority: same as cited in regard to Father.

Section B

This section is also Divided in to two situations as follows

I. In the absent of any Q.H

II. In the presence of any Q.H

Each of the situations will be discuss in details below as section B (I) and B(I).

Section B (I)

In this situation he is entitle to chose between two shares

Shares = ⅓ or Muqasima(to act as a brother of same degree with G.B, G.S, C.B, C.S)

Reason: in the absent of Q.H, FF is considered to be the closest male agnate

Authority:

Section B (II)

In this situation he's given the option to chose between three shares

Shares = ⅓ of R,  ¹/6 or, Muqasima.

Note: if in any reason the share of FF is less than, ¹/6 his shares must be increase to to ¹/6 even if nothing will remain for GB, GS, CS, CB.

Reason: ⅓ of R, after given Q.H their shares but in the absence of F and S

CONCLUSION

Allah has done justice.